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In order to prevent or reduce the occurrence of  bending pipel  defects and obtain satisfactory bending pipe quality, corresponding actions should be taken in the process of bending pipe. First of all, in the scope allowed by the product design structure, the bent pipe fittings should be designed with a large bending radius as much as possible. At the same time, when selecting equipment, the pipe bending machine with side boosting and tail pushing mechanism should be the first choice. Under normal circumstances, for the several common defects mentioned above, measures should be taken in a targeted manner. The specific methods can be as follows: For pipe fittings with severe flatten outside the arc, the compacting die (wheel) can be designed to have an anti-deformation groove in the form of a coreless bend to reduce or eliminate the degree of flatten when the pipe is bent. For cored bends, when the diameter of the mandrel is too small or with serious abrasion, the appropriate mandr

Free forging  is to use impact force or pressure to make the metal deform freely in all directions between the upper and lower anvil surfaces, it is a method of processing forgings with required shape and size and certain mechanical properties by any restriction. The basic purpose of free forging is to obtain the required shape, size and internal quality of forgings economically. The types of forgings are large and medium-sized forgings. Small forgings are mainly formed with rolling materials, large forgings (especially important parts) and special steels to improve internal quality. Ingot is the main material. After forging, coarse grains are broken, non-metallic inclusions and heterogeneous particles are dispersed, internal defects are forged, the density is high, streamline distribution is reasonable, and comprehensive mechanical properties are greatly improved. Common defects in ingots are segregation, inclusions, bubbles, shrinkage, porosity, cracks, etc. Free forging equi

1.Lathes Lathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring. Turning is rarely done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it better than lathes. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, and their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the work piece. Therefore, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool.The essential components of a lathe are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, the leads crew and feed rod. The bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of well normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides s heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic components are mounted. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal rails, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted V-shape for all four rails, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat rail in one or both sets. They are precisi

Sheet metal process  is common used in some large-scale mechanical equipment (such as processing machinery, network cabinet, switch, etc.) and office facilities (such as file cabinet, computer desk, etc.). It will not be used in small-scale products with high requirements for appearance and size. Sheet metal manufacturing process refers to a series of integrated cold working combination processes for thin sheet metal (usually less than 6 mm). Specific technology can be divided into: shearing, punching, bending, welding, riveting, splicing, stamping, etc. The most prominent feature of sheet metal products is the uniform thickness a single part. Selection of materials The commonly used materials are cold rolled sheet (SPCC), hot rolled sheet (SHCC), galvanized sheet (SECC, SGCC), copper (CU) brass, copper, beryllium copper, aluminium sheet (6061, 6063, hard aluminium, etc.), aluminum profiles and stainless steel (mirror, wire drawing surface, fog surface). According to the function of t